Seattle’s 1 Line corridor traverses well-developed urban areas and operates in a tunnel between the University of Washington and downtown. Rail projects in the United States tend to be routed along “paths of least resistance” such as freight rail or highway corridors, rather than dense areas where transit would make the most sense for riders or communities. projects, often run through crowded historic city centers, and usually share street space with cars and other vehicles. They tend to have more stations that are built closer together than U.S. For example, Toulouse, France’s 9.3 mile Metro Line B was built entirely underground at a cost of about $176 million per mile while Houston Metro’s 3.2 mile Green Line is all at-grade and cost $223 million per mile.ĭespite their lower construction costs, international projects are often more complex than similar lines in the United States. In fact, many international projects constructed below grade have similar costs to those that are at-grade in the United States. rail transit projects represented in our database were constructed primarily below ground, compared to 37 percent of non-U.S.
Tunneled projects are not only less expensive abroad, but also more common. The tunneling premium in the United States rises to roughly 250 percent when New York City’s disproportionately expensive projects are included. 230000001429 stepping Effects 0.Eno’s Construction Cost Database of 180 domestic and international public transit projects completed since 2000 shows that the United States pays a premium of nearly 50 percent on a per-mile basis to build transit for both primarily at-grade and primarily tunneled projects.239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5.
238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4.230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 claims description 4.238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4.230000001702 transmitter Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7.
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Google Patents Building intelligence systemĭownload PDF Info Publication number US4567557A US4567557A US06/469,122 US46912283A US4567557A US 4567557 A US4567557 A US 4567557A US 46912283 A US46912283 A US 46912283A US 4567557 A US4567557 A US 4567557A Authority US United States Prior art keywords intelligence devices power stack output Prior art date Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google Patents US4567557A - Building intelligence system
US4567557A - Building intelligence system